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Organisme
(ORGA)
last updated: 23 sept. 2026
Malus orientalis
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Magnoliophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Rosaceae |
| Subfamily | Amygdaloideae |
| Genus | Malus |
| Species | Malus orientalis |
- Malus sylvestris subsp. orientalis (Uglitzk.) Soó
- Malus montana Uglitzk., Trudy
- Malus montana var. acuminata Botsch.
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Caucasus appleEN
- Catalogue of life - Malus orientalis [ English ]
- GBIF - Malus Malus orientalis Uglitzk [ English ]
Cultures
Sauvage
The centre of origin of Malus orientalis is considered to lie in the Caucasus and adjacent regions of western Asia. The species is native to the Caucasus, Anatolia and Iran and represents one of the wild apple taxa characteristic of this important region of diversity and domestication of fruit trees. Its precise geographical centre of origin has not been conclusively established.
The principal centre of genetic diversity of Malus orientalis is the Caucasus and adjacent western Asian regions. High genetic diversity and geographically differentiated populations have been documented in Armenia, Georgia, southern Russia and Türkiye. The Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran and populations in the Zagros Mountains also contain substantial genetic diversity. Population-genetic studies indicate considerable differentiation among populations across the Caucasus, Anatolia and Iran.
Malus orientalis occurs primarily in temperate deciduous woodland, forest margins and openings, scrub and thickets, rocky slopes, field margins and along streams and riverbanks. It occurs over a broad elevational range, approximately 150–2,300 m above sea level. The species is associated particularly with mountain and forest ecosystems of the Caucasus, Anatolia and northern Iran and can tolerate relatively dry conditions and, locally, mildly saline soils.
Malus orientalis is native to western Asia and the Caucasus, with its range extending from southeastern Europe through Anatolia and the Caucasus to Iran and Afghanistan. Plants of the World Online records the species as native to Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Iran, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasus and Türkiye (including European Türkiye). Within its core Caucasian range, natural populations occur in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Russian North Caucasus. The species also occurs extensively in Türkiye and Iran, including the Hyrcanian and Zagros forest regions.
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BCH-ORGA-SCBD-12099-7 Organisme Malus domestica (Apple)Cultures
FR
- Nourriture
Malus orientalis is an important wild genetic resource for apple breeding and conservation because of its genetic diversity and its close relationship to cultivated apple (Malus domestica). Germplasm is maintained in ex situ collections and evaluated for potentially useful traits, including disease resistance and adaptation to environmental stresses. The species may also be used locally as a rootstock and as an ornamental or landscape tree. Its fruits, in addition to fresh consumption, may be used in locally prepared or processed foods.
- NCBI - NLM - Malus orientalis [ English ]
- Uniprot - Malus orientalis [ English ]
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew - Malus orientalis [ English ]
- Capturing the Diversity of Wild Malus orientalis from Georgia, Armenia, Russia, and Turkey [DOI] [ English ]
- Crop-to-wild gene flow and spatial genetic structure in the closest wild relatives of the cultivated apple [DOI] [ English ]
- Evidence of an additional centre of apple domestication in Iran [DOI] [ English ]
- The potential range of west Asian apple species Malus orientalis Uglitzk. under climate change [DOI] [ English ]
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| Organisme | Espèces à compatibilité croisée | 1 | |
